Refrigerator truck is a closed van transport vehicle used to transport frozen or preserved goods. It is a refrigerated transport vehicle equipped with a refrigeration unit and a polyurethane insulation compartment. It is often used to transport frozen food (refrigerated trucks). ), dairy products (dairy trucks), fruits and vegetables (fresh goods trucks), vaccine drugs (vaccine trucks), etc.
The refrigerated truck is composed of the walking part of the special automobile chassis, the thermal insulation body (generally composed of polyurethane material, glass fiber reinforced plastic, color steel plate, stainless steel, etc.), the refrigeration unit, the temperature recorder of the refrigerated truck in the cabin, and other components. For special requirements Vehicles, such as meat hook trucks, can be equipped with meat hooks, waist slings, aluminum alloy guide rails, ventilation slots and other optional components.
1. The “sandwich” board bonding type that is assembled in pieces. At present, the larger domestic refrigerated truck manufacturers have adopted this technology, and the refrigerated trucks produced by this technology have higher thermal insulation performance.
2. Injecting foaming type assembled by pieces.
3. The whole skeleton is injected into the foaming type.
4. Vacuum adsorption paste
Refrigeration units are divided into non-independent refrigeration units and independent refrigeration units. Domestic and imported units, etc. General models use external coolers, and a few miniature refrigerated vehicles use built-in coolers. For refrigerated trucks with lower temperature requirements, a built-in cold plate (the function is equivalent to an evaporator) can be adopted.
Classified by chassis carrying capacity: miniature refrigerated truck, small refrigerated truck, medium-sized refrigerated truck, and large-scale refrigerated truck
Classified by compartment type: bread refrigerated truck, van refrigerated truck, semi-trailer refrigerated truck
Refrigerated truck refrigeration unit: It is an important equipment that provides continuous “coldness” for the refrigerated truck container. It is generally installed on the top of the front of the container. It has an air-conditioning appearance, but has a stronger cooling capacity than an air conditioner of the same volume.
Refrigeration units are generally divided into two types, independent units and non-independent units. The difference is that independent units use another unit to generate electricity for maintenance, while non-independent units use the entire vehicle’s engine to drive the motor unit. Refrigeration work.
The choice of refrigerated truck refrigeration unit.
Generally, refrigeration units with different power and cooling capacity are selected according to the volume of the refrigerated compartment and the temperature requirements of the goods being transported.
1. The correct operation can ensure that the goods can be stored and transported in good condition.
Only the correct use and operation of refrigerated trucks can ensure the good delivery and preservation of goods. Because refrigerated trucks are specially used for temperature-sensitive products, temperature assurance is the key to refrigerated trucks. If used or handled improperly, the goods cannot be stored or transported in a perfect state.
2. Preventive maintenance can minimize maintenance and operating costs.
During our normal use, the maintenance and maintenance of vehicles and refrigerators are inseparable. Only when the equipment is properly maintained and maintained on time can the normal use of the equipment and the service life of the equipment be prolonged. Usually the chassis engine is maintained and maintained according to the mileage, while the refrigeration unit is maintained and maintained according to the engine working hours. The usual refrigeration unit is maintained and maintained every 500 to 700 hours, and the oil filter element, fuel filter element, and air filter element need to be replaced; and pay attention to check the tightness of the belt and whether the refrigeration system leaks; however, the current refrigeration units of individual brands (such as American Cold King) In order to meet the needs of environmental protection, minimize the damage to the environment and reduce the emission of harmful substances, synthetic engine oil or semi-synthetic engine oil is used to replace ordinary engine oil, thereby prolonging the maintenance time of the engine. It is usually done once every 2000 hours. maintenance. Therefore, the emission of waste engine oil is reduced. In addition, scientific experiments have proved that by using this high-end engine oil, not only the wear on the engine is reduced, but also the fuel consumption of the engine can be reduced.
Therefore, scientific maintenance and maintenance can not only ensure the integrity of the equipment, but also reduce operating costs.
3. Appropriate packaging is very important to protect the goods.
Use non-ventilated packaging boxes for frozen goods and ventilated sidewall packaging boxes for fresh goods. The packaging box must be pressure resistant.
As the frozen goods are not allowed to have wind blowing across the surface, because the wind blows through the surface of the frozen goods, the moisture in the goods will be lost and the quality of the goods will decrease. This year, our country’s regulations on bulk quick-frozen foods are not allowed to be sold, and this is the reason why they must be sold in packaging. However, due to its own characteristics, the fresh products are still breathing during storage and transportation. If they are not well ventilated, the goods will deteriorate and be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that this kind of cargo has good ventilation and ventilation.
4. Set the thermostat at the required temperature, and pre-cool the car for 1.5 hours to remove the heat trapped in the car; turn off the refrigerating unit during loading and load it quickly.
When loading goods, the carriage must first be pre-cooled or pre-heated. Because the vehicle is parked in the open air, the temperature of the cabin is usually the temperature of the outside environment. If the temperature of the goods being transported is not the ambient temperature, and the goods are loaded into the carriage, the ambient temperature will affect the temperature of the goods being transported, resulting in changes in the quality of the goods being transported. Therefore, the carriage must be pre-cooled to the required temperature before loading. However, the refrigeration unit must be turned off during loading (the same as unloading). Many people do not turn off the refrigeration unit when loading and unloading goods. In fact, this is a very wrong operation.
The reason is: after we pre-cool the car, if we do not shut down the car and open the car door, because the fan of the evaporator of the refrigeration unit is working, the front of the fan is positive pressure, and the back of the fan is negative pressure, so the air-conditioning is from the upper part of the car. The lower part will quickly suck in hot air from the outside, which will cause the temperature in the compartment to rise rapidly; if you load and unload goods after the machine is turned off, the air flow will stop because the fan is in the stopped state, and the air pressure inside and outside the compartment will be the same, thus causing the outside heat The speed of air passing into the cabin is relatively slow.
5. The goods must be pre-cooled to the required temperature, and the temperature of the goods should be checked when loading; the refrigeration unit is used to maintain the temperature of the goods, not to reduce the temperature of the goods.
Many refrigerated truck users have a wrong concept. They always think that the refrigerating unit on the refrigerated truck can freeze or heat the goods loaded into the compartment to the required temperature at will. Therefore, the cargo that is not enough for the transportation temperature requirement is loaded into the carriage, and then the refrigeration unit is set to the required transportation temperature, and the temperature of the cargo is reduced or raised to the required temperature over a certain period of time. However, the fact is the opposite. Not only does the temperature of the goods fail to drop (or not rise), but the goods are damaged or deteriorated. Because the refrigerating unit of the refrigerated truck does not reduce the temperature of the goods, but maintains the temperature of the goods, it is like the quilts we used to sell cold drinks in the past to wrap the goods. When the external cold (heat) source flows into the compartment through radiation, conduction, and convection, it is taken away by the cold air blown out by the refrigeration unit, and the heat source is isolated from entering the cargo.
Therefore, when loading goods, the temperature of the loaded goods must be measured first. If the set point temperature of the refrigeration unit is higher or lower than the temperature of the cargo, it is difficult for the temperature of the cargo in the compartment to reach the temperature required for transportation. The storage temperature of the goods must be consistent with the transportation temperature. If the temperature of the goods changes frequently, the moisture will be lost, which will cause the quality of the goods to change, which will shorten the shelf life of the goods.
6. Even if the capacity of the unit exceeds the actual requirement, insufficient air circulation will be the main reason for the deterioration of the goods; any blockage around the goods may lead to “hot spots”.
A qualified refrigerated truck must ensure that the six sides of the carriage have good ventilation, and there is no obstruction on the six sides of the goods; good air circulation can ensure that the goods are transported under the appropriate temperature requirements. The cold (hot) gas blown out by the refrigeration unit isolates the cold (heat) source from the outside into the compartment from the cargo, thereby protecting the cargo. If a certain location is blocked, the cold (heat) source of this part will directly enter the item, causing the temperature of the goods to change. Ensure that the return air shutter is in good condition; do not block the entrance of the evaporator (return air); insufficient return air will cause irregular circulation of cold air and cause icing of the top cargo.
7. Goods must be stacked on double-sided pallets; plastic film cannot be wrapped on the fresh-keeping pallets, as the film will block the circulating cold air flow to the goods; do not block the floor under the goods.
General refrigerated truck floors are made of ventilated aluminum rail floors; however, some refrigerated trucks do not have aluminum rails and use flat non-slip floors. Usually, as a third-party transportation company or enterprise transportation vehicle used for dairy products, a flat non-slip floor is used, the purpose is to be suitable for the transportation of a variety of products, or to facilitate the cleaning of the ground. However, attention must be paid when loading, and double-sided pallets must be used for loading to ensure the circulation of cold air on the ground. It is strictly forbidden to stack goods directly on a flat floor.
8. Do not stack goods in front of the evaporator outlet, otherwise it will obstruct the cold air flow; blockage above the goods will cause the cold air flow to short-circuit. Keep a minimum distance of 225 mm between the top of the cargo and the roof of the vehicle.
When loading goods, do not stack the goods too high, and make sure that the height of the goods is not higher than the plane height of the air outlet. If the front of the air outlet is blocked by the cargo or is too close to the cargo, it will not only affect the storage and transportation temperature of the cargo, but also affect the normal operation of the refrigeration unit.
Because the air outlet is blocked by the cargo, the cold air (or hot air) cannot circulate in the car normally, which causes the local temperature of the cargo to rise.
On the other hand, due to the defrosting design of the refrigeration unit, some use air induction defrosting. When the cargo is too close to the air outlet, the coil in the evaporator of the unit will quickly frost (or ice), and the air induction switch will act immediately, and the unit will quickly enter the defrosting state; when the coil temperature rises to 9 degrees (design temperature) Around, the defrosting ends immediately. As a result, the above-mentioned reciprocating operation will occur in the unit, resulting in the phenomenon that the temperature in the compartment cannot be lowered. The only thing we give everyone is that the unit always defrosts frequently. In fact, it is caused by the high (too much) cargo.
9. The interior of the carriage must be kept clean; there should be no wrapping paper and paper scraps on the ground; the scraps will obstruct the air flow or be inhaled by the evaporator.
When using a refrigerated truck, keep the interior clean. Due to the action of the evaporator fan, air will circulate in the compartment, causing debris or dirt on the ground to be sucked in by the evaporator fan. Long-term action will cause a large amount of impurities to be sucked into the evaporator coil, thereby affecting the refrigeration effect of the refrigeration unit. Because the coil will be surrounded by impurities a little bit, the heat exchange rate of the coil will decrease. Therefore, after a few years of use of the refrigerated truck, everyone will feel that the cooling effect is not as good as the beginning. In addition to the cause of its failure, it is because the coil is too dirty. Therefore, ensuring the cleanliness of the ground in the compartment is the key to ensuring the normal operation of the refrigeration unit.
10. Proper handling; turn off the freezer when the door is open; shorten the time the door is opened as much as possible; use strip curtains when loading and unloading goods. Use partitions to separate dry goods (empty baskets) and perishable items.
In order to ensure the temperature of the cargo in the compartment, it is recommended to use strip curtains for the delivery vehicles in the city to ensure that the cold air in the compartment will not be quickly lost when unloading quickly (when the refrigeration unit is not turned off).
Goods with different temperatures are strictly prohibited to be stored in the same compartment. They should be separated by partitions. Since the refrigerator is used to maintain the temperature of the goods, not to cool them down, mixing goods with different temperatures will affect the temperature of the goods and cause the quality of the goods to be affected.
The correct operation and use of refrigerated trucks is the key to ensuring the quality of temperature-controlled goods. It is also where the refrigeration equipment can work normally.
China is a large country with a mature truck amrket and many truck brands, for Refrigerated trucks(also called refrigerator van truck), here we have Dongfeng Refrigerated truck, Howo Refrigerated truck, Isuzu Refrigerated truck, Shacman Refrigerated truck, Jac Refrigerated truck, Foton Refrigerated truck, …
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